Sleep apnea is a serious, sometimes fatal medical disorder that affects around 10% of American men over the age of 40, and 6% of American women of the same age. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition where, during sleep, the airway becomes completely blocked and breathing stops. These episodes, which may happen hundreds of times in the night, can reduce blood oxygen levels, causing the heart to pump harder. At this point, the brain detects the lack of oxygen and prompts a momentary arousal to draw breath. To achieve this, the body delivers a shot of adrenaline and a dose of blood sugar. That is why, if left untreated over time, there is a higher risk for stroke, cardiac disorders, and diabetes in people with OSA. OSA has also been linked to excessive fatigue, depression, and resistance to infection.
There are a number of dental devices that can be used to manage this condition. The goal of most of these devices is to separate the jaws and push the lower jaw forward slightly. This slight repositioning opens up the airway, and allows oxygen to flow freely again. Wearers of sleep apnea dental devices report that they stop loud snoring, feel more rested in the daytime, and are much more comfortable going to sleep. Sleep apnea appliances offer a viable alternative to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP).
Sleep apnea appliances fall into two categories: fixed and adjustable. Here are brief descriptions of some commonly used sleep apnea dental appliances:
SomnoDent® MAS / Flex
SMH BFlex is a soft polymer that is heat-cured, packed and pressed utilizing an exclusive chemical formula that facilitates soft to hard polymer bonding at the layers interface. The result is a fit that is unmatched and unlike anything seen before in a resilient material, securely anchoring splints with a snug fit – even on short teeth with little undercut.
With an expected life of 3-5 years, it comes with a three year warranty against manufacturing defects and breakage and is suitable for all dentitions. SMH BFlex does not discolor or attract odors. Patients and dentists may prefer this model, particularly where crown and bridge work is present. .
TAP® 3 (Thornton Adjustable Positioner)
The TAP® 3 is the smallest, most comfortable member of the TAP family. It is a two-part custom-created sleep apnea appliance that fits over the teeth in much the same way as a sports mouthguard. The TAP® 3 projects the jaw forward to prevent the tongue and soft tissues from impeding the airway. The lower jaw positioner is adjustable, which means that it can be altered to suit the comfort level of the wearer. The TAP® 3 appliance can accommodate the three main types of malocclusion, and allows the lips to fully close.
If you have questions or concerns about sleep apnea appliances, please ask your dentist.